⍝ Solution vector for Sudoku problem ⍵:

    s33←0 9⍴0                       ⍝ sample problem
    s33⍪←0 0 1 6 9 0 5 0 0
    s33⍪←4 0 0 2 7 0 0 0 1
    s33⍪←0 7 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
    s33⍪←0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
    s33⍪←0 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 7
    s33⍪←0 0 0 7 8 0 6 0 0
    s33⍪←0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0
    s33⍪←0 2 0 1 4 0 0 6 0
    s33⍪←0 1 0 3 5 0 0 4 0

    sbox←{⎕IO←0                             ⍝ Box sudoku grids.
        ⍺←(⍴⍵)*÷2                           ⍝ default square cells.
        vp hp←0=⍺|⍳¨⍴⍵                      ⍝ vert and horiz partition vectors.
        numbs←⍉↑vp∘(⊂[0])¨hp⊂⍵              ⍝ numeric sub-areas.
        width←2+⌊10⍟⌈/1,,⍵                  ⍝ digits per number.
        fmt←width∘{⍵=0:⌽⍺↑'·' ⋄ ⍺ 0⍕⍵}      ⍝ dots for zeros.
        cells←0 1∘↓¨↑∘(,/)¨fmt¨¨numbs       ⍝ char matrix sub-areas.
        hv←⍺⍴¨⊂¨⌽(⍴⊃cells)/¨'│─'            ⍝ vert and horiz boundaries.
        in←{↑⍺{⍺,⍺⍺,⍵}/⍵}                   ⍝ ⍺ separates ⍵.
        (t m b)lr←'┬┼┴' '├┤'in¨∘⊂¨hv        ⍝ bordering lines.
        body←m in⍉¨⊂[1 2]'│'in cells        ⍝ collected cells.
        (⍉body in t b)in lr in¨'┌└' '┐┘'    ⍝ boxed grid.
    }

    sbox s33                        ⍝ show sample problem.
┌─────┬─────┬─────┐
│· · 1│6 9 ·│5 · ·│
│4 · ·│2 7 ·│· · 1│
│· 7 ·│· · ·│· 9 ·│
├─────┼─────┼─────┤
│· · ·│· · ·│· 3 ·│
│· · ·│4 3 ·│· · 7│
│· · ·│7 8 ·│6 · ·│
├─────┼─────┼─────┤
│· · 6│· · ·│8 · ·│
│· 2 ·│1 4 ·│· 6 ·│
│· 1 ·│3 5 ·│· 4 ·│
└─────┴─────┴─────┘

    ⍕sbox¨sudoku s33                ⍝ display all solutions
 ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐ 
 │3 8 1│6 9 4│5 7 2│  │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│  │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│ 
 │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│ 
 │2 7 5│8 1 3│4 9 6│  │3 7 5│8 1 4│2 9 6│  │5 7 3│8 1 4│2 9 6│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │7 9 4│5 6 2│1 3 8│  │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│  │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│ 
 │6 5 8│4 3 1│9 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│ 
 │1 3 2│7 8 9│6 5 4│  │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│  │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│  │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│  │3 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 5│ 
 │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│  │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│  │9 2 5│1 4 8│7 6 3│ 
 │8 1 7│3 5 6│2 4 9│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│ 
 └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘ 

    s22←0 4⍴0                       ⍝ sample 2×2 problem
    s22⍪←0 2 3 4
    s22⍪←3 0 0 0
    s22⍪←2 0 0 0
    s22⍪←4 0 0 0

    ⍕sbox¨sudoku s22                ⍝ display all solutions
 ┌───┬───┐  ┌───┬───┐  ┌───┬───┐ 
 │1 2│3 4│  │1 2│3 4│  │1 2│3 4│ 
 │3 4│2 1│  │3 4│1 2│  │3 4│1 2│ 
 ├───┼───┤  ├───┼───┤  ├───┼───┤ 
 │2 1│4 3│  │2 1│4 3│  │2 3│4 1│ 
 │4 3│1 2│  │4 3│2 1│  │4 1│2 3│ 
 └───┴───┘  └───┴───┘  └───┴───┘ 

    s44←0 16⍴0                      ⍝ sample 4×4 problem
    s44⍪← 3  6  0  0  0  0  4 15 12 11 13  2  8  0  5 0
    s44⍪← 0  0 15  0  1  0 14  0  0  0  8  0 13  0  0 0
    s44⍪← 0 14 13  0  0  8 10  0  0 16  5  0  0  0  0 0
    s44⍪← 0  5  4  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  7  3 11  0 2
    s44⍪← 0  0  9  0  0  7  0  0  0  0  3 10  6  4  0 0
    s44⍪← 0 11  0  0  4 13  0  0  0  0  0  0  7 15 10 8
    s44⍪← 0  0  0  0 15  0  0  0  0  0  6  4 11  0 14 0
    s44⍪← 0 15  0  0  0  0  6  0 13  2  0  0  9 12  0 0
    s44⍪←12  1  0  0  0  3  0  6  9  4 14  8  5  0  0 0
    s44⍪← 0  0  0  0 13  2  0 12  0  5 10  3  1 14  9 0
    s44⍪← 2  0  0  9  0  5  0  0 11 12  7  0  0  8 15 0
    s44⍪← 0  0  8 14  0  4  7 11  1 13  0  0  0  0  0 0
    s44⍪← 4  0  0  0  3  0 16  0  0  6  0  0  0  0  0 0
    s44⍪←16  7 12 13 14  9  0  2  8  0  0  0  0 10  0 0
    s44⍪←11  0  1  0  0 15  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  5  0 0
    s44⍪←15  8  0  0  6  0  5 10  3  0  0  0  0  7 11 0

      ⍕sbox¨ sudoku s44             ⍝ display all solutions
 ┌───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┐ 
 │ 3  6 10  1│ 7 16  4 15│12 11 13  2│ 8  9  5 14│ 
 │ 7  2 15 12│ 1 11 14  5│ 6  3  8  9│13 16  4 10│ 
 │ 9 14 13 11│ 2  8 10  3│ 4 16  5  1│15  6  7 12│ 
 │ 8  5  4 16│12  6  9 13│14 10 15  7│ 3 11  1  2│ 
 ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤ 
 │13 16  9  8│11  7 12  1│15 14  3 10│ 6  4  2  5│ 
 │14 11  6  3│ 4 13  2 16│ 5  1  9 12│ 7 15 10  8│ 
 │ 1 12  2  5│15 10  3  9│ 7  8  6  4│11 13 14 16│ 
 │10 15  7  4│ 5 14  6  8│13  2 16 11│ 9 12  3  1│ 
 ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤ 
 │12  1 16  7│10  3 15  6│ 9  4 14  8│ 5  2 13 11│ 
 │ 6  4 11 15│13  2  8 12│16  5 10  3│ 1 14  9  7│ 
 │ 2 13  3  9│16  5  1 14│11 12  7  6│10  8 15  4│ 
 │ 5 10  8 14│ 9  4  7 11│ 1 13  2 15│16  3 12  6│ 
 ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤ 
 │ 4  9  5 10│ 3 12 16  7│ 2  6 11 13│14  1  8 15│ 
 │16  7 12 13│14  9 11  2│ 8 15  1  5│ 4 10  6  3│ 
 │11  3  1  6│ 8 15 13  4│10  7 12 14│ 2  5 16  9│ 
 │15  8 14  2│ 6  1  5 10│ 3  9  4 16│12  7 11 13│ 
 └───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┘ 

    s34←0 12⍴0                      ⍝ sample 3×4 problem
    s34⍪←9  6  0  0 10  0  0  8  2  0 0  4
    s34⍪←0  1  0 11  0 12  0  0  0  0 3  5
    s34⍪←0  0  0  0  6  0  7 11 12  0 0  0
    s34⍪←0  0 10  7  0  0  0  0  4  0 9  0
    s34⍪←1  0  6  0 12 11  0  4  0  3 0  0
    s34⍪←0  0  9  0  0 10  8  1  0  0 6  0
    s34⍪←0  7  0  0 11  2  1  0  0 12 0  0
    s34⍪←2  0 12  0  4  0  6  5  0  1 0 11
    s34⍪←0 10  0  5  0  0  0  0  3  4 0  0
    s34⍪←0  0  0 10  5  8  0  7  0  0 0  0
    s34⍪←5  3  0  0  0  0 11  0  9  0 0  0
    s34⍪←7  0  0  0  3  0  0  6  0  0 4  2

     ⍕3 4∘sbox¨3 4 sudoku s34       ⍝ display all solutions
 ┌───────────┬───────────┬───────────┐  ┌───────────┬───────────┬───────────┐ 
 │ 9  6  5 12│10  1  3  8│ 2  7 11  4│  │ 9  6  5 12│10  1  3  8│ 2  7 11  4│ 
 │ 8  1  7 11│ 9 12  4  2│ 6 10  3  5│  │ 8  1  7 11│ 9 12  4  2│ 6 10  3  5│ 
 │10  4  2  3│ 6  5  7 11│12  9  1  8│  │10  4  2  3│ 6  5  7 11│12  9  1  8│ 
 ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤  ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤ 
 │12 11 10  7│ 2  6  5  3│ 4  8  9  1│  │12 11 10  7│ 2  6  5  3│ 4  8  9  1│ 
 │ 1  2  6  8│12 11  9  4│ 7  3  5 10│  │ 1  2  6  8│12 11  9  4│10  3  5  7│ 
 │ 3  5  9  4│ 7 10  8  1│11  2  6 12│  │ 3  5  9  4│ 7 10  8  1│11  2  6 12│ 
 ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤  ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤ 
 │ 4  7  3  6│11  2  1 10│ 5 12  8  9│  │ 4  7  3  6│11  2  1 10│ 5 12  8  9│ 
 │ 2  8 12  9│ 4  3  6  5│10  1  7 11│  │ 2  8 12  9│ 4  3  6  5│ 7  1 10 11│ 
 │11 10  1  5│ 8  7 12  9│ 3  4  2  6│  │11 10  1  5│ 8  7 12  9│ 3  4  2  6│ 
 ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤  ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┤ 
 │ 6  9  4 10│ 5  8  2  7│ 1 11 12  3│  │ 6  9  4 10│ 5  8  2  7│ 1 11 12  3│ 
 │ 5  3  8  2│ 1  4 11 12│ 9  6 10  7│  │ 5  3  8  2│ 1  4 11 12│ 9  6  7 10│ 
 │ 7 12 11  1│ 3  9 10  6│ 8  5  4  2│  │ 7 12 11  1│ 3  9 10  6│ 8  5  4  2│ 
 └───────────┴───────────┴───────────┘  └───────────┴───────────┴───────────┘ 

⍝ Another coding (ADC):

    sudoku←{⎕IO←0 
        ⍝ Sudoku - ⍵: N×N setup where box size N*÷2 is integral
        ⍝ The setup is a valid arrangement in some cells of numbers from 1-N; the rest are 0´s.
        ⍝ Each row, column and the N boxes of each result must contain all numbers 1 to N.

        valid←{                                 ⍝ Validate.  ⍵ be...
            (2≠⍴⍴⍵)∨(≠/2↑⍴⍵)∨0≠1|(⊃⍴⍵)*÷2:1     ⍝ a square matrix with an integral box size
            ((⍴⍵)⍴0)≢⊃1↑0⍴⊂⍵:1                  ⍝ numeric N×N matrix
            1∊~⍵∊⍳1+⊃⍴⍵:1                       ⍝ numbers 0-N only
            0=+/,⍵                              ⍝ at least one number
        }
        box←{⍵⌿(⍵×⍳⍵)∘.+⍵/⍳⍵}                   ⍝ Box template ⍵:sq root of size
        chk←{1∊1<+⌿(1+⍳⊃⍴⍵)∘.=⍵}                ⍝ Check for duplicates of 1-9 in ⍵
        sets←{⍉⍺{(⍺=+⌿⍵)/⍵}(⍵⍴2)⊤⍳2*⍵}          ⍝ LM sets of ⍺ unique nrs from 1 to ⍵
        iv←{⍵/⍳⍴⍵}                              ⍝ idiom
        un←{(⍳⍴⍵)=⍵⍳⍵}                          ⍝ LV of first unique items in vector
        indx←{⍺[⍵]}                             ⍝ index ⍺ by ⍵
        search←{                                ⍝ Search possibilities for a cell
            r p←⍵
            p←⍺ adjust p                        ⍝ adjust possibles for current cell
            ~0∊⊃(r p)←rules r p:r               ⍝ resolve using logical tests
            (next p)∇¨⊂r p                      ⍝ search cell with minimum possibilities
        }
        adjust←{                                ⍝ Adjust cell to single value
            0>⊃⍺:⍵                              ⍝ no cell
            p←⍵ ⋄ p[;⊃⍺]←⍺[1]=⍳⊃⍴⍵ ⋄ p          ⍝ item ⍺ in to 1, rest of cell to 0
        }
        next←{                                  ⍝ Cell-value pairs for possible values
            ⍵{⍵,¨iv ⍺[;⍵]                       ⍝ in the cell with the minimum nr of
            }{1⍳⍨⍺\{⍵=⌊/⍵}⍺/⍵}/{(⍵>1)⍵}+⌿⍵      ⍝ possibilities (2 or more)
        }
        rules←{                                 ⍝ Apply logic tests to resolve cells
            ~0∊⊃z←sole ⍵:z                      ⍝ detect single-value possibilities
            ~0∊⊃z←↑singles/(⍳⊃⍴RCB),⊂z:z        ⍝ single-valued cells in row/col/box
            ~0∊⊃z←↑uniques/(⍳(⍴⊃z)*÷2),⊂z:z     ⍝ values unique to one row/col of a box
            ~0∊⊃z←↑NinN/4 3 2,⊂z:z              ⍝ detect N vals in N cells
            ~0∊⊃z←↑matches/4 3 2,⊂z:z           ⍝ matches of N vals in N cells of r/c/b
            z≡⍵:⍵                               ⍝ finish if no state change
            ∇ z                                 ⍝ otherwise repeat rules
        }
        sole←{                                  ⍝ Resolve sole value cells. ⍺:soln, ⍵:possibles
            ~0∊⊃r p←⍵:⍵                         ⍝ pass through
            0∊n←+⌿p:⍬ ⍬                         ⍝ no go
            (⍴r)=i←1⍳⍨n×r=0:⍵                   ⍝ no remaining single value cells
            r[i]←1+p[;i]⍳1                      ⍝ set result value
            p[¯1+i⊃r;i~⍨iv i⊃Masks]←0           ⍝ remove as possible value in related cells
            ∇ r p                               ⍝ check for further single-value cells
        }
        singles←{                               ⍝ Fix box cells that resolve to single value
            ~0∊⊃r p←⍵:⍵                         ⍝ pass through
            i←RCB[⍺;]                           ⍝ cells in row, col or box
            b←i/p                               ⍝ possibles for cells
            ~1∊l←(1=+/b)∧~(1+⍳⊃⍴p)∊i/r:⍵        ⍝ values that occur just once ex result values
            c←(iv i)[(↓l⌿b)⍳¨1]                 ⍝ cells where they occur
            p[;c]←(⍳⊃⍴p)∘.=iv l                 ⍝ modify to just the single value
            sole r p                            ⍝ resolve the sole values
        }
        uniques←{                               ⍝ Unique to one row/col of the ⍺´th box
            ~0∊⊃r p←⍵:⍵                         ⍝ pass through
            b←p[;⍺⊃Box]                         ⍝ box cell values
            i←(⍴i)⊤iv,(i>1)∧i=⍉(⌽⍴i)⍴+/i←+/b    ⍝ 2 or more unique to a row
            j←(⍴j)⊤iv,(j>1)∧j=⍉(⌽⍴j)⍴+/j←+/[1]b ⍝ 2 or more unique to a column
            (0∊⍴i)∧0∊⍴j:⍵                       ⍝ none found
            s←⊃⌽⍴b                              ⍝ box size
            p[(s(⍺ rinds)↓i),s(⍺ cinds)↓j]←0    ⍝ remove vals from cols of other boxes
            sole r p                            ⍝ resolve sole values
        }
        rinds←{                                 ⍝ uniques: row pick inds to update
            0=⍴⊃⍵:0⍴⊂0 0
            ↑,/(0⊃⍵),¨¨((⍺*2)×(1⊃⍵)+¨⍺×⌊⍺⍺÷⍺)+⊂(⍳⍺*2)~(⍺×⍺|⍺⍺)+⍳⍺
        }
        cinds←{                                 ⍝ uniques: column pick inds to update
            0=⍴⊃⍵:0⍴⊂0 0
            ↑,/(0⊃⍵),¨¨((1⊃⍵)+¨⍺×⍺|⍺⍺)+⊂(⍺*2)×(⍳⍺*2)~(⍺×⌊⍺⍺÷⍺)+⍳⍺
        }
        matches←{                               ⍝ Resolve exact matches on ⍺ possible values
            ~0∊⊃r p←⍵:⍵                         ⍝ pass through
            0∊n←+⌿p:⍬ ⍬                         ⍝ no go if no possibilities for a cell
            i←(n=⍺){iv ⍺\un 2⊥⍺/⍵}p             ⍝ cells with ⍺ possible values
            sole↑(⍺ match)/i,⊂⍵                 ⍝ resolve each ⍺-set then sole values
        }
        match←{                                 ⍝ Resolve exact matches in row/col/box
            ~0∊⊃r p←⍵:⍵                         ⍝ pass through
            ⍺⍺≠+/p[;⍺]:⍵                        ⍝ cell no longer has ⍺⍺ values
            ⍺⍺>+/l←p[;⍺]∧.=p:⍵                  ⍝ occurrences of matches with the ⍺´th cell
            1∊⍺⍺<n←+/l/RCB:⍬ ⍬                  ⍝ no go if >⍺⍺ matches in any row/col/box
            ~1∊n=⍺⍺:⍵                           ⍝ no r/c/b´s with exactly ⍺⍺ matches
            p←↑(l do_matches)/(iv n=⍺⍺),⊂p      ⍝ remove matched vals from related cells
            sole r p                            ⍝ resolve singles then sole values
        }
        do_matches←{                            ⍝ Remove vals from other row/col/box cells
            p←⍵                                 ⍝ ⍺⍺ marks all occurrences of match
            p[iv p[;⍺⍺⍳1];iv RCB[⍺;]∧~⍺⍺]←0     ⍝ filter occurrences in the ⍺´th row/col/box
            p
        }
        NinN←{                                  ⍝ Reduce ⍺-sets in exactly ⍺ cells of a row/col/box
            ~0∊⊃r p←⍵:⍵                         ⍝ pass through
            s←⍺ sets(⍴r)*÷2                     ⍝ all combns of sets of ⍺ values
            l←r=0                               ⍝ non-singular cells
            n←(⍺=(s∨.∧p)+.∧⍉RCB)∧⍺=(s∨.∧l\l/p)+.∧⍉RCB ⍝ set-RCB combinations with ⍺ occurrences
            i←↓[0](⍴n)⊤iv,n                     ⍝ indices of set-RCB combns
            sole↑(s do_NinN)/i,⊂⍵               ⍝ reduce non-set values from cells then sole values
        }
        do_NinN←{                               ⍝ Remove values not in set ⊃⍺ from identified cells
            i←⍺⍺[0⊃⍺;] ⋄ j←RCB[1⊃⍺;]            ⍝ set values / row-col-box mask
            r p←⍵ ⋄ p[iv~i;iv j∧i∨.∧p]←0 ⋄ r p  ⍝ [vals not in set;cells in set and in row/col/box]
        }
        setup←{                                 ⍝ Setup LM possibilities per cell
            p←(⊂1+⍳⊃⍴⍵)~¨Masks/¨⊂,⍵             ⍝ possibles per cell, except...
            ((0≠,⍵)/p)←0~⍨,⍵                    ⍝ adjust given cells to single value
            (1+⍳⊃⍴⍵)∘.∊p                        ⍝ convert to LM vals×cells
        }
        res←(⍴⍵)∘{⍺∘⍴¨((⍴⍵)⍴(×/⍺)↑1)⊂⍵}         ⍝ Shape result(s)

        valid ⍵:'Invalid setup'                 ⍝ Validate
        RCB←{,¨(⍵/⍳⍵)(⍵ ⍵⍴⍳⍵)(box ⍵*÷2)}⊃⍴⍵     ⍝ Rows-Columns-Boxes
        Masks←↓↑∨/{⍵∘.=⍵}¨RCB                   ⍝ Sets per cell of related row/col/box cells
        RCB←↑⍪/(⊂⍳⊃⍴⍵)∘.=¨RCB                   ⍝ Selection vectors for rows,columns,boxes
        Box←((⍴⍵)*÷2)∘⍴¨(↓RCB[(2×⊃⍴⍵)+⍳⊃⍴⍵;])/¨⊂⍳×/⍴⍵ ⍝ Box indices
        1∊chk¨Masks/¨⊂,⍵:'Invalid setup'        ⍝ Duplicates in row/column/box

        res∊¯1 0 search(,⍵)(setup ⍵)
    ⍝:  ADC 5Jun2005
    }

    ⍕sbox¨sudoku s33                ⍝ display all solutions
 ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐ 
 │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│  │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│  │3 8 1│6 9 4│5 7 2│ 
 │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│ 
 │3 7 5│8 1 4│2 9 6│  │5 7 3│8 1 4│2 9 6│  │2 7 5│8 1 3│4 9 6│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│  │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│  │7 9 4│5 6 2│1 3 8│ 
 │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 1│9 2 7│ 
 │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│  │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│  │1 3 2│7 8 9│6 5 4│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│  │3 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 5│  │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│ 
 │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│  │9 2 5│1 4 8│7 6 3│  │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│ 
 │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│2 4 9│ 
 └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘ 

⍝ Phil's translation of Arthur's K code:

    sudoku←{⎕io←0      ⍝ Whitney/Last
        p←{(↑⍵)∘{(⍺∨.=⍵)/⍳n×n}¨,⍵},(n*÷2){⍵,⍺⊥⌊⍵÷⍺}¨⍳n n←⍴⍵
        m←{(⊂⍵)⌈(⊂⍺=⍳⍴⍵)×(1+⍳n)~⍵[⍺⊃p]}
        (⍴⍵)∘⍴¨⊃{⊃,/⍺ m¨⍵}/{( ⍸⍵=0),⊂⊂⍵},⍵
    }

    ⍕sbox¨sudoku s33                ⍝ display all solutions
 ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐ 
 │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│  │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│  │3 8 1│6 9 4│5 7 2│ 
 │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│ 
 │5 7 3│8 1 4│2 9 6│  │3 7 5│8 1 4│2 9 6│  │2 7 5│8 1 3│4 9 6│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│  │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│  │7 9 4│5 6 2│1 3 8│ 
 │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 1│9 2 7│ 
 │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│  │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│  │1 3 2│7 8 9│6 5 4│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │3 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 5│  │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│  │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│ 
 │9 2 5│1 4 8│7 6 3│  │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│  │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│ 
 │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│2 4 9│ 
 └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘ 

⍝ Morten's coding:

    sudoku←{⎕io←0
         rcq←(↑,⍳9 9),3/,3⌿3 3⍴⍳9   ⍝ Row, Column, Quadrant
         p←{⍸rcq∨.=⍵}¨↓rcq          ⍝ Cells in same row, col or quadrant
         nzd←1+⍳9                   ⍝ Non-zero digits to gain a little more speed
         ⊃{⊃,/⍺{(nzd~⍵[⍺⊃p])⊣@⍺¨⊂⍵}¨⍵}/(⍸⍵=0),⊂⊂⍵ ⍝ kapow!
    }

    ⍕sbox∘(9 9∘⍴)¨ sudoku ,s33
 ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐  ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐ 
 │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│  │2 8 1│6 9 3│5 7 4│  │3 8 1│6 9 4│5 7 2│ 
 │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│  │4 6 9│2 7 5│3 8 1│ 
 │5 7 3│8 1 4│2 9 6│  │3 7 5│8 1 4│2 9 6│  │2 7 5│8 1 3│4 9 6│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│  │7 9 2│5 6 1│4 3 8│  │7 9 4│5 6 2│1 3 8│ 
 │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 9│1 2 7│  │6 5 8│4 3 1│9 2 7│ 
 │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│  │1 3 4│7 8 2│6 5 9│  │1 3 2│7 8 9│6 5 4│ 
 ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤  ├─────┼─────┼─────┤ 
 │3 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 5│  │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│  │5 4 6│9 2 7│8 1 3│ 
 │9 2 5│1 4 8│7 6 3│  │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│  │9 2 3│1 4 8│7 6 5│ 
 │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│9 4 2│  │8 1 7│3 5 6│2 4 9│ 
 └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘  └─────┴─────┴─────┘ 

⍝ Roger's revamp:

    sudoku←{⍺←(⍴⍵)*÷2                   ⍝ Solutions of shape-⍺ Sudoku puzzle ⍵.
        svec ← {⊃pvex/(⍸⍵=0),⊂⊂⍵}       ⍝ solution vector
        pvex ← {⊃,/⍺∘pvec¨⍵}            ⍝ vector of placements
        pvec ← {(⍺ avl ⍵)⊣@(⊂⍺)¨⊂⍵}     ⍝ placements
        avl  ← {(⍳⊃⍴⍵)~⍵×⊃⍺⌷CMAP}       ⍝ list of available numbers
        at   ← {⍵+⍺×(⍳⍴⍵)∊⊂⍺⍺}          ⍝ ⍺ at cell ⍺⍺ in ⍵

        rcb  ← {(⍳⍴⍵),¨⍺ box(⍴⍵)÷⍺}     ⍝ row/column/box numbers
        box  ← {(⊃⍺)⌿(⊃⌽⍺)/⍵⍴⍳×/⍵}      ⍝ box numbers for a puzzle of size ⍵*2
        cmap ← {⊂[⍳2]1∊¨⍵∘.=⍵}          ⍝ contention map for puzzle ⍵
        CMAP ← cmap ⍺ rcb ⍵             ⍝ contention map for puzzle

        svec ⍵                          ⍝ vector of solutions.
    }

    ⍕sbox¨sudoku s22
 ┌───┬───┐  ┌───┬───┐  ┌───┬───┐ 
 │1 2│3 4│  │1 2│3 4│  │1 2│3 4│ 
 │3 4│1 2│  │3 4│2 1│  │3 4│1 2│ 
 ├───┼───┤  ├───┼───┤  ├───┼───┤ 
 │2 1│4 3│  │2 1│4 3│  │2 3│4 1│ 
 │4 3│2 1│  │4 3│1 2│  │4 1│2 3│ 
 └───┴───┘  └───┴───┘  └───┴───┘ 

⍝∇ sudoku

Back to: code

Back to: Workspaces